How neural impulses are timed--and how they can be replicated artificially--has been mathematically determined by a team of researchers composed of ECE ILLINOIS and CSL Professor and ADSC director Douglas L Jones, ECE ILLINOIS alumnus Erik Johnson (BSEE ’08, MSCompE ’13, PhD CompE ’16), and Rama Ratnam. These CSL affiliates have been developing their research in the Health Care Engineering Systems Center.