CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Thousands of letters written by Marcel Proust (1871-1922) will be available to scholars, Proust fans and the public on a website created by University of Illinois researchers and their partners in France to digitize Proust’s correspondence.
The first phase of the Corr-Proust website – Marcel Proust’s World War I letters – was launched in late November. The French-language site features letters written by Proust between 1914 and 1918, including one to his financial adviser on the eve of World War I, as Proust’s younger brother joined the French army (English translation from a printed volume of Proust’s letters): “In the terrible days we are going through, you have other things to do besides writing letters and bothering with my petty interests, which I assure you seem wholly unimportant when I think that millions of men are going to be massacred in a War of the Worlds comparable with that of (H.G.) Wells, because the Emperor of Austria thinks it advantageous to have an outlet onto the Black Sea.”
The Corr-Proust website continues the legacy of Proust scholarship at Illinois. Two researchers who specialize in Proust’s correspondence are overseeing the project – Francois Proulx, a professor of French, and Caroline Szylowicz, the Kolb-Proust librarian and a curator of rare books and manuscripts.
The Rare Book and Manuscript Library holds more than 1,200 letters – the largest repository of Proust letters in the world. The library acquired many of the letters to support the research of Philip Kolb, a professor of French at Illinois who devoted his career to creating a 21-volume chronological edition of Proust’s letters.
Proust rarely dated his letters, so Kolb played detective for 60 years, trying to match the contents of the letters with sources that help verify the dates they were written, such as newspaper stories, stock exchanges and weather reports. Kolb maintained meticulous notes, with 40,000 entries on notecards cross-referenced by date and recipient of the letter. The University Library created the Kolb-Proust Archive for Kolb’s research materials in 1994.
“This is one of the treasures of the university that really puts us on the map,” Szylowicz said. “All Proustian scholars know Philip Kolb was here. We’re continuing his legacy.”
The U. of I.’s partners in the Corr-Proust project are the Universite Grenoble Alpes and the Institute for Modern Texts and Manuscripts in Paris. Funding for the project came from the French Embassy in the U.S. and from donors William and Joan Dutton of Chicago. The first phase of the project focused on letters written during World War I because the French embassy’s funding related to the centenary of the entry of the U.S. into the war in 1917.
One series of letters on the website relates to possible military service by Proust, who had famously ill health and rarely left his bed. He wrote to a friend, asking him to request medical certificates from a doctor on his behalf that tell why he can’t fight in the war. The website has images of the medical certificates that have never been published.
The war years were a particularly creative period for Proust, Szylowicz said. Publication of his novel “In Search of Lost Time” had temporarily ceased and he continued working on the manuscripts, writing new sections dealing with the war.
“The novel that comes out doesn’t have much in common with what he had finished (before the war). From that standpoint, it is very significant and becomes a period of very intense creative work,” Szylowicz said.
The website will include letters that were only recently published for the first time in specialized journals, as well as letters from many collections, including those held by the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, the National Library in France, other research universities and in private collections.
The first phase includes 30 letters, with about 150 more to be added in the coming months. For each entry, viewers can see an image of the letter; a “diplomatic transcription,” which displays text in its original form, including line breaks, abbreviations and misspellings by Proust; a linear text, which shows the text without Proust’s line breaks or other idiosyncratic markings; a translation (still to come); scholarly notes providing context and relevant details; and metadata, which includes such information as the letter’s date, recipient, the type of paper used, where the letter is located and where it has previously been published.
The website will allow scholars to see the text as Proust wrote it, in the “diplomatic transcription” section. All printed editions of his letters, including Kolb’s, edited the text for easy reading, eliminating the line breaks, abbreviations, symbols and misspellings of Proust.
In one letter that goes on for six pages, Proust finishes the letter, squeezes in a postscript at the bottom of the last page, then continues the postscript at the top of the first page – the only place where there was blank space left to write. Printed editions present the letter in logical order with the postscript at the end.
“The postscript was written last, but visually it’s what you see first. Sometimes that’s where the urgency is, the most important information,” Szylowicz said. “It was written last, but in a way, it was meant to be read first. You lose that (in the edited text of printed versions).”
Proust used a particular code to indicate paragraph breaks, and he also used the code like an ellipsis, to indicate a pregnant pause when making a joke, Proulx said. That was also eliminated in printed versions of his letters.
One of the next steps for the website is to add a crowdsourcing tool for translation of the letters into English, and later into other languages as well. The vast majority of Proust’s letters have never been translated into English, Proulx said.
More than 6,000 known letters by Proust have been published. It will take years to put them all on the website with transcription, text, notes and other information. Proulx and Szylowicz plan to add to the war letters collection and choose other thematic phases, possibly based around the centenaries of Proust winning a major literary prize in 1919, publishing the third volume of the novel in 1920 and his death in 1922.